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National Bank of Poland
The National Bank of Poland ((ポーランド語:Narodowy Bank Polski, NBP)) is the central bank of Poland. It controls the issuing of Poland's currency, the ''złoty''. The Bank is headquartered in Warsaw, and has branches in 16 major Polish town. The NBP represents Poland in the European System of Central Banks, an EU organization.
==History==
Although the bank has existed under its current name since 1945, it is a continuation of two previous central banks of Poland, both named simply ''Bank of Poland'' (''Bank Polski''). The first one was founded in Warsaw in 1828 by Prince Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki. An institution of the government of the Kingdom of Poland, it was entitled with issuance of the Polish currency as well as control over the credit rates. It was also entitled with a concession to operate foreign currencies and buy off credits issued by foreign companies and banks.
During the Second World War the gold reserves of Poland were transferred to Great Britain and Canada. After the war, a bill for over 68 million pounds sterling, covering the equipment and operating costs of the Polish Air Force in Great Britain, was paid from the Polish gold reserves deposited in Canada. In 1946 the very small part of prewar gold reserves were returned to Poland's new communist authorities, while the former Bank of Poland itself was closed down and finally in 1952 absorbed by the newly created National Bank of Poland.
The latter was one of two banks allowed to operate in Poland's postwar planned economy. It had a monopoly for currency, credits and cumulation of savings. The other bank, ''PKO Bank Polski'', was responsible for private accounts. After the fall of the communist system in 1989, the market economy was reintroduced and the ''NBP'' limited its functions to currency control and supervision of other, privately controlled banks.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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